MU OPIOID RECEPTOR STIMULATION IN THE MEDIAL PREOPTIC AREA OR NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS FACILITATES SONG AND REWARD IN FLOCKING EUROPEAN STARLINGS

Mu opioid receptor stimulation in the medial preoptic area or nucleus accumbens facilitates song and reward in flocking European starlings

It has been proposed that social cohesion in gregarious animals is reinforced both by a positive affective state induced by social interactions and by the prevention of a negative state that would be caused Minimalist Cases by social separation.Opioids that bind to mu opioid receptors (MORs) act in numerous brain regions to induce positive and to r

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Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Reflects a TH1-CD21low B-Cell Interaction in CVID-Related Interstitial Lung Disease

BackgroundAbout 20% of patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) suffer from interstitial lung disease (ILD) as part of a systemic immune dysregulation.Current understanding suggests a role of B cells in the pathogenesis based on histology and increased levels of BAFF and IgM associated with active disease corroborated by several report

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